The other side of the interface circuit has the connections that are essential to transfer data between the I/O interface circuit and the I/O device. The data line is used to transfer the data between I/O and the processor. The control line is decoded to identify which kind of operation is requested by the processor. The address line is decoded by the interface circuit to determine if the processor has addressed this particular I/O device or not. Observe the figure below, we can easily see that the one end of the interface circuit is connected to the system bus line i.e., address line, data line, and control line. This mediator is referred to as an interface circuit. So, we need a mediator to make the computer communicate with the I/O modules. For example, the processing speed of the CPU is much higher than the other components of the computer such as keyboard, display, etc. We know that every component or module of the computer has its distinct capabilities and processing speed. Now the question is why do we require an interface circuit? The I/O interface circuit is circuitry that is designed to link the I/O devices to the processor. We will also discuss two variants of interface circuit design i.e., parallel interface and the serial interface. In this context, we will discuss the I/O interface circuit in more detail along with its entire functioning.
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